We have observed four key patterns of mental activity in most decision makers – each associated with different brain circuits. In each case, by cultivating the related mental habits, you strengthen that pattern of activity.

A truly powerful and influential leader can move, at will, through at least three of these domains of the mind: Low Ground (domain of expedience and problem-solving), High Ground (domain of complexity and empathy), and Higher Ground (domain of transformational leadership, developing your true self). The “Lower Ground” of instinct, emotion, and immature leadership, is probably best avoided.